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Paul wrote in Galatians 3:16–17 The promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. Scripture does not say “and to seeds,” meaning many people, but “and to your seed,” meaning one person, who is Christ. What I mean is this: The law, introduced 430 years later, does not set aside the covenant previously established by God and thus do away with the promise.
Paul is saying that from the time God gave Abraham the promise that he would make of him a great nation, to the time they exited Egypt and God gave Moses the law, was 430 years.
Exodus 12:40-41 Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years. And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the Lord went out from the land of Egypt.
There was a famine in the land: and Abram went down into Egypt to sojourn there for the famine was severe."(Gen 12:10)
And there was a strife between the herdsmen of Abram's cattle and the herdmen of Lot's cattle And Lot lifted up his eyes, and beheld all the plain of Jordan, that it [was] well watered every where, before the LORD destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah, [even] as the garden of the LORD, like the land of Egypt, as thou comest unto Zoar. Then Lot chose him all the plain of Jordon. Abram dwelled in the land of Canaan, and Lot dwelled in the cities of the plain, and pitched [his] tent toward Sodom. But the men of Sodom were wicked and sinners before the Lord exceedingly.(Gen 13:6-7,10,12-13)
(Genesis 14:1-2) "And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations; that these made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela, which is Zoar."
The 5 kings were subject to Chedorlaomer, king of Elam, for 12 years but they rebelled in the 13th year. In the 14th year (Gen 14:5-7) "Chedorlaomer and the kings that were with him. . .smote the Rephaims in Ashteroth Karnaim, and the Zuzims in Ham, and the Emims in Shaveh Kiriathaim, and the Horites in their mount Seir. . .and all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, that dwelt in Hazezon-tamar."
The kings of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim, and Bela joined in battle with the 4 kings in the vale of Siddim which was full of slimepits and (Genesis 14:10-12) "the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and fell there, and they that remained fled to the mountain. And they took all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah . . .and they took Lot, Abram's brother's son, who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods . ."
(Genesis 14:14-18) ) And when Abram heard that his brother was taken captive, he armed his trained servants born in his own house, 318, and pursued them unto Dan. And he . . .smote them and pursued them unto Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus. And he brought back all the goods, and the women also, and the people.
And the king of Sodom went out to meet him after his return from the slaughter of Chedorlaomer, and the kings that were with him . . .
And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God..."
(Genesis 18:1-2) "And the Lord appeared unto him (Abraham) in the plains of Mamre. . .and he lift up his eyes and looked, and, lo, 3 men stood by him. . . (Genesis 18:9-13) "Where is your wife Sarah?” they asked him. “There, in the tent,” he said. Then one of them said, “I will surely return to you about this time next year, and Sarah your wife will have a son." Now Sarah was listening at the entrance to the tent, which was behind him. Abraham and Sarah were already very old, and Sarah was past the age of childbearing. So Sarah laughed to herself . . .
Then the Lord said to Abraham, “Why did Sarah laugh and say, ‘Will I really have a child, now that I am old?’ Is anything too hard for the Lord? I will return to you at the appointed time next year, and Sarah will have a son.
(Genesis 19:1) And there came two angels to Sodom at even; and Lot sat in the gate of Sodom: (Genesis 19:13,15)And the men said unto Lot. . . we will destroy this place, because the cry of them is waxen great before the face of the Lord; and the Lord hath sent us to destroy it. And when the morning arose, then the angels hastened Lot, saying, Arise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters, which are here; lest thou be consumed in the iniquity of the city.
(Genesis 19:24-25) Then the Lord rained upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the Lord out of heaven; And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the ground.
Acts 7:6
And God spake on this wise, That his seed should sojourn in a strange land; and that they should bring them into bondage, and entreat them evil four hundred years.
Genesis 15:13
13 And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years;
Note:Isaac is 5 and Ishmael is 19 when during a feast given by Abraham, the weaning of Isaac gave occasion for Ishmael to mock Isaac. (Genesis 21:8-9). This was 30 years after God gave the promise to Abraham and commanded him to leave Ur. This was the beginning of the affliction of Abraham's seed which lasted 400 years until the Exodus. They were sojourners in countries not their own (Canaan and Egypt) for this 400 years timeframe and their enslavement to Egyptians was a part of this time of affliction.
These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was feeding the flock with his brethren; and the lad was with the sons of Bilhah, and with the sons of Zilpah, his father's wives: and Joseph brought unto his father a bad report about them.
Genesis 37:3 Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children. . .
Genesis 37:4 they(Joseph's brothers) hated him and could not speak peacably to him.
Genesis 37:23-24 . . .they stript Joseph out of his coat. . .took him and cast him into a pit. . .[with]no water.
Genesis 37:28 . . .Midianites merchantmen. . .lifted up Joseph out of the pit and sold Joseph to the Ishmeelites for 20 pieces of silver: and they brought Joseph into Egypt.
Genesis 45:4-6 And Joseph said unto his brethren, . . . I am Joseph your brother, whom ye sold into Egypt. Now therefore be not grieved, nor angry with yourselves, that ye sold me hither: for God did send me before you to preserve life. For these two years hath the famine been in the land: and yet there are five years, in the which there shall neither be earing nor harvest.
Genesis 45:7-8 And God sent me before you to preserve you a posterity in the earth, and to save your lives by a great deliverance. So now it was not you that sent me hither, but God: and he hath made me a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house, and a ruler throughout all the land of Egypt.